Makna Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di Sekolah Dasar Menurut Pandangan Aliran Filsafat Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

RICHE AFRINA; LINORA LINORA; WIDIASTUTI WIDIASTUTI; ISMIRA ISMIRA; ALFROKI MARTHA

doi:10.29300/ijsse.v6i1.3996

Makna Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi di Sekolah Dasar Menurut Pandangan Aliran Filsafat Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi

RICHE AFRINA, LINORA LINORA, WIDIASTUTI WIDIASTUTI, ISMIRA ISMIRA, ALFROKI MARTHA

Abstract

This research aims to describe the meaning of differentiated learning in elementary schools according to the views of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's school of philosophy. In recent developments, the world of education and schools in Indonesia is increasingly discussing and good practices regarding differentiated learning. Therefore, it is necessary to have an alternative study regarding the views of educational philosophy figures regarding differentiated learning in elementary schools so that there are no misunderstandings regarding differentiated learning itself. The method used in this research is a literature study with technical content analysis. The meaning of differentiated learning in elementary schools. According to the view of Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi's philosophy, it is as follows: 1) Experience-based learning; 2) Learning Through the Senses, Pestalozzi suggests using the senses in learning. Pestalozzi believes that using the senses helps children to better understand concepts and relate them to the real world; 3) The Importance of Concrete Material; 4) Differentiation According to Ability and Speed; 5) Moral Education, Pestalozzi emphasized the importance of moral education in learning. Pestalozzi's view of differentiated learning views each child as a unique individual, with their own potential and needs. His thinking made an important contribution to the development of a more humanistic and personalized educational approach known as differentiated learning.

Keywords

Differentiated Learning; Elementary School; Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi; Philosophy of Education

Full Text:

PDF

References

Algozzine, B., & Anderson, K. M. (2007). Tips for Teaching: Differentiating Instruction to Include All Students. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 51(3), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.3200/PSFL.51.3.49-54

Alhafiz, N. (2022). ANALISIS PROFIL GAYA BELAJAR SISWA UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI DI SMP NEGERI 23 PEKANBARU. J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(8), 1913–1922. https://doi.org/10.53625/jabdi.v1i8.946

Andini, D. W. (2022). DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION: SOLUSI PEMBELAJARAN DALAM KEBERAGAMAN SISWA DI KELAS INKLUSIF. Trihayu: Jurnal Pendidikan Ke-SD-An, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.30738/trihayu.v2i3.725

Bendriyanti, R. P., Dewi, C., & Nurhasanah, I. (2022). MANAJEMEN PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IX SMPIT KHAIRUNNAS. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori Dan Praktik), 6(2), 70–74. https://doi.org/10.26740/jp.v6n2.p70-74

Bowers, F. B., & Gehring, T. (2004). Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi: 18th Century Swiss Educator and Correctional Reformer. Journal of Correctional Education, 55(4), 306–319. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23292096

Deckman, M. (2015). Tips for Teaching. Bulletin for the Study of Religion, 44(2), 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v44i2.27206

DOVE, M., & HONIGSFELD, A. (2010). ESL Coteaching and Collaboration: Opportunities to Develop Teacher Leadership and Enhance Student Learning. TESOL Journal, 1(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.5054/tj.2010.214879

Elliott, P., & Daniels, S. (2006). Pestalozzi, Fellenberg and British nineteenth-century geographical education. Journal of Historical Geography, 32(4), 752–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2005.08.002

Ginja, T. G., & Chen, X. (2020). Teacher Educators’ Perspectives and Experiences towards Differentiated Instruction. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 781–798. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13448a

Hanun, F. (2016). MEMBANGUN CITRA MADRASAH MELALUI PROGRAM KELAS UNGGULAN DI MTSN 2 BANDAR LAMPUNG. EDUKASI: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Agama Dan Keagamaan, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.32729/edukasi.v14i3.9

Hasudungan, A. N. (2021). PELURUSAN SEJARAH MENGENAI INDONESIA DIJAJAH BELANDA 350 TAHUN SEBAGAI MATERI SEJARAH KRITIS KEPADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI SMAN 1 RUPAT. Widya Winayata: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah, 9(3), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjps.v9i3.39395

Herwina, W. (2021). OPTIMALISASI KEBUTUHAN MURID DAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 35(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.352.10

Hoover, J. J., & Patton, J. R. (2008). The Role of Special Educators in a Multitiered Instructional System. Intervention in School and Clinic, 43(4), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053451207310345

Hung, M.-L., Chou, C., Chen, C.-H., & Own, Z.-Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004

Jayanti, M. I., Umar, U., Nurdiniawati, N., & Amar, K. (2022). PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF RICHARD I. ARENDS DAN KILCHER : KONSEP, STRATEGI, DAN OPTIMALISASI POTENSI BELAJAR SISWA. EL-Muhbib: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, 6(2), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.52266/el-muhbib.v6i2.1215

Koops, W. (2012). Jean Jacques Rousseau, modern developmental psychology, and education. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(sup1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.730996

Levy, H. M. (2008). Meeting the Needs of All Students through Differentiated Instruction: Helping Every Child Reach and Exceed Standards. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 81(4), 161–164. https://doi.org/10.3200/TCHS.81.4.161-164

Lubis, S. I. A. (2021). THE ROLE OF SCHOOL AND TEACHING METHOD THROUGH MARIA MONTESSORI AND JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI`S VIEW. International Journal of Economic, Technology and Social Sciences (Injects), 2(1), 87–92. https://doi.org/10.53695/injects.v2i1.238

Manikonda, L., Meduri, V. V., & Kambhampati, S. (2021). Tweeting the Mind and Instagramming the Heart: Exploring Differentiated Content Sharing on Social Media. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 10(1), 639–642.https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14819

MS, M. (2023). PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERESIASI DAN PENERAPANNYA. SENTRI: Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 2(2), 533–543. https://doi.org/10.55681/sentri.v2i2.534

Paré, G., & Kitsiou, S. (2016). Chapter 9 Methods for Literature Reviews. In F. Lau & C. Kuziemsky (Eds.), Handbook of eHealth Evaluation: An Evidence-based Approach (p. 504). British Columbia: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK481590/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK481590.pdf

Prananto, I. W., & Kusuma Wardani, H. (2023). The Life Journey of Johan Heinrich Pestalozzi and His Thought Contribution to Indonesian Education. Jurnal Pendidikan : Riset Dan Konseptual, 7(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.28926/riset_konseptual.v7i2.638

Puzio, K., Colby, G. T., & Algeo-Nichols, D. (2020). Differentiated Literacy Instruction: Boondoggle or Best Practice? Review of Educational Research, 90(4), 459–498. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654320933536

Renzulli, J. S. (1988). The Multiple Menu Model for Developing Differentiated Curriculum for the Gifted and Talented. Gifted Child Quarterly, 32(3), 298–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/001698628803200302

Sakyi, K. A. (2017). Early Childhood Education: Penetrating the Impenetrable Issues. African Educational Research Journal, 5(1), 18–31. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1216150.pdf

Sellars, M., & Imig, D. (2021). Pestalozzi and pedagogies of love: pathways to educational reform. Early Child Development and Care, 191(7–8), 1152–1163. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1845667

Syarifuddin, S., & Nurmi, N. (2022). Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas IX Semester Genap SMP Negeri 1 Wera Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022. JagoMIPA: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika Dan IPA, 2(2), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.53299/jagomipa.v2i2.184

Takaya, K. (2003). The Method of Anschauung: From Johann H. Pestalozzi to Herbert Spencer. The Journal of Educational Thought (JET) / Revue de La Pensée Éducative, 37(1), 77–99. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23767177

Taylor, B. K. (2015). Content, Process, and Product: Modeling Differentiated Instruction. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 51(1), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2015.988559

Tomlinson, C. A., Brighton, C., Hertberg, H., Callahan, C. M., Moon, T. R., Brimijoin, K., … Reynolds, T. (2003). Differentiating Instruction in Response to Student Readiness, Interest, and Learning Profile in Academically Diverse Classrooms: A Review of Literature. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 27(2–3), 119–145. https://doi.org/10.1177/016235320302700203

Valli, L., & Buese, D. (2007). The Changing Roles of Teachers in an Era of High-Stakes Accountability. AmericanEducational Research Journal, 44(3), 519–558. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207306859

Vandelanotte, C., Spathonis, K. M., Eakin, E. G., & Owen, N. (2007). Website-Delivered Physical Activity Interventions. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(1), 54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.041

Wulandari, E. (2021). Mendeskripsikan Proses Mengajar Menggunakan Komik dalam Membaca Teks Narasi Kelas IX. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 2(11), 2059–2071. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v2i11.340

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ijsse.v6i1.3996