Investigating Online Collaborative Grammar Learning Via Google Docs and Whatsapp: Indonesian EFL Undergraduate Students Views
Abstract
Acquisition of grammar is essential in English instruction because it is the foundation of learning its language, yet EFL learners often face obstacles, particularly in online settings. At the same time, recently, technology has rapidly embraced and offered various platforms or applications as learning aids in the English education field. The incorporation of technology facilitation is believed to boost the student’s grammar competency. However, the delving of students’ views of grammar learning online and collaboration is still infrequent. In an attempt to fill the gap, the current study investigated the students’ views on utilizing Google Docs and WhatsApp in online collaborative grammar learning. This descriptive qualitative case study examined 99 participants consisting of 17 males and 82 females of Indonesian EFL undergraduate students at a private university in Jakarta, Indonesia, who viewed Google Docs and WhatsApp in online collaborative grammar learning. The data was collected by questionnaire and interview and then analyzed descriptively. The findings revealed that the students' views positively influenced their substantive feelings, collaboration, teamwork skills, confidence, autonomy, and self-regulation. Grounded by the findings, the current paper illustrates recommendations for conducting online collaborative grammar learning integrated with Google Docs and WhatsApp for the learner and the instructor in preparing a syllabus and technical procedure. The result of the current study implied that both the platform and application offer the potential to be adopted in online or hybrid collaboration instruction.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alharbi, M. A. (2020). Exploring the potential of Google Doc in facilitating innovative teaching and learning practices in an EFL writing course. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 14(3), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2019.1572157
Ali, J. K. M., & Bin-Hady, W. R. A. (2020). A Study of EFL students’ attitudes, motivation and anxiety towards WhatsApp as a language learning tool. Arab World English Journal (AWEJ) Special Issue on CALL, 5(6), 289–298. https://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/call5.19
Alsahil, A. (2024). Exploring students’ perceptions and affordances of Google docs-supported collaborative writing. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2024.2326030
Alshammari, R., Parkes, M., & Adlington, R. (2017). Using WhatsApp in EFL instruction with Saudi Arabian university students. Arab World English Journal, 8(4), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no4.5
Appiah-Kubi, P., & Nichwitz, J. (2020). Students’ perception of collaborative online international learning. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2020-June(January). https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--35248
Bensalem, E. (2018). The impact of WhatsApp on EFL students’ vocabulary learning. Arab World English Journal, 9(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no1.2
Brindley, S. (2005). Teaching English. Routledge.
Brown, H. D., & Lee, H. (2015). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy. Pearson Education, Inc.
Chang, H., & Windeatt, S. (2016). Developing collaborative learning practices in an online language course. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 29(8), 1271–1286. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2016.1274331
Chen, Y. (2017). Perceptions of EFL College Students toward Collaborative Learning. English Language Teaching, 11(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v11n2p1
Collet, V. S., & Greiner, A. C. (2019). Revisioning grammar instruction through collaborative lesson study: A new apprenticeship of observation. Literacy Research and Instruction, 59(2), 95–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/19388071.2019.1709927
Creswell., J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (P. A. Smith (ed.); 4th ed.). Pearson Education, Inc.
Dehghani, A. P., Bagheri, M. S., Sadighi, F., & Tayyebi, G. (2016). Investigating difficulty order of certain English grammar features in an Iranian EFL setting. International Journal of English Linguistics, 6(6), 209. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n6p209
Ding, Y., & Shen, H. (2019). Delving into learner autonomy in an EFL MOOC in China: a case study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1681464
Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2017). Exploring the impact of online peer-editing using Google Docs on EFL learners’ academic writing skills: A mixed methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(8), 787–815. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1363056
Ebadi, S., & Rahimi, M. (2019). Mediating EFL learners’ academic writing skills in online dynamic assessment using Google Docs. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 32(5–6), 527–555. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1527362
Effendi, M. S., Rokhyati, U., & Rachman, U. A. (2017). A study on grammar teaching at an English education department in an EFL context. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 5(1), 42–46. https://doi.org/10.20431/2347-3134.0501005
Hall, G. (2011). Exploring English language teaching language in action. Routledge.
Hamad, M. M. (2017). Using WhatsApp to enhance students’ learning of English language “experience to share.” Higher Education Studies, 7(4), 74. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v7n4p74
Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching with DVD (4th edition). Pearson Education Ltd.
Hoang, D. T. N., & Hoang, T. (2022). Enhancing EFL students’ academic writing skills in online learning via Google Docs-based collaboration: a mixed-methods study. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 0(0), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2083176
Hsieh, Y. C. (2017). A case study of the dynamics of scaffolding among ESL learners and online resources in collaborative learning. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 30(1–2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2016.1273245
Hyland, K., & Shaw, P. (2016). The Routledge handbook of English for academic purposes. Routledge.
Jasrial, D. (2018). Utilizing WhatsApp application for teaching English language: Why and how? International Seminar and Annual Meeting BKS-PTN Wilayah Barat, 1(1), 151–157. https://conference.unsri.ac.id/index.php/semirata/article/view/1098/474
Jeong, K. O. (2016). A study on the integration of google docs as a web-based collaborative learning platform in EFL writing instruction. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(39). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i39/103239
Jung, I., Kudo, M., & Choi, S. K. (2012). Stress in Japanese learners engaged in online collaborative learning in English. British Journal of Educational Technology, 43(6), 1016–1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2011.01271.x
Kartal, G. (2019). What’s up with WhatsApp? A critical analysis of mobile instant messaging research in language learning. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 6(2), 352–365. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.599138
Khalil, Z. M. (2018). EFL students’ perceptions towards using Google Docs and Google Classroom as online collaborative tools in learning grammar. Applied Linguistics Research Journal, 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.14744/alrj.2018.47955
Komara, C., & Tiarsiwi, F. (2021). Exploring Indonesian EFL learners’ perception of English learning grammar. Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 6(2), 459. https://doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v6i2.564
La Hanisi, A., Risdiany, R., Dwi Utami, Y., & Sulisworo, D. (2018). The use of WhatsApp in collaborative learning to improve English teaching and learning process. International Journal of Research Studies in Educational Technology, 7(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrset.2018.3004
Li, M. (2018). Computer-mediated collaborative writing in L2 contexts: an analysis of empirical research. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(8), 882–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1465981
Listia, R., & Febriyanti, E. R. (2020). EFL learners’ problems in using tenses: An insight for grammar teaching. IJET (Indonesian Journal of English Teaching), 9(1), 86–95. https://doi.org/10.15642/ijet2.2020.9.1.86-95
Magen-Nagar, N., & Shonfeld, M. (2018). The impact of an online collaborative learning program on students’ attitude towards technology. Interactive Learning Environments, 26(5), 621–637. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2017.1376336
Manan, N. A. (2017). Whatsapp mobile tool in second language learning. Indonesian EFL Journal, 3(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v3i1.657
Mentari, L. R., Yunita, W., & Harahap, A. (2023). Grammatical problems in the discussion section of master theses. Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 9(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.29300/ling.v9i1.10281
Monteiro, E., & Morrison, K. (2014). Challenges for collaborative blended learning in undergraduate students. Educational Research and Evaluation, 20(January 2015), 564–591. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2014.997126
Moreno-Guerrero, A. J., Rodríguez-Jiménez, C., Ramos-Navas-Parejo, M., Soler-Costa, R., & López-Belmonte, J. (2020). WhatsApp and Google Drive influence on pre-service students’ learning. Frontiers in Education, 5(August), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00152
Mulyani, Fidyati, Suryani, Suri, M., & Halimatussakdiah. (2021). University students’ perceptions through e-learning implementation during covid-19 pandemic: Positive or negative features dominate? Studies in English Language and Education, 8(1), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i1.17628
Nitza, D., & Roman, Y. (2016). WhatsApp messaging: Achievements and success in academia. International Journal of Higher Education, 5(4), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v5n4p255
Nurhijannah, A. S. (2022). Students’ perceptions: Utilizing WhatsApp and Google Classroom for learning English in Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of English Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature Studies, 2(1), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.30984/jeltis.v2i1.1814
Patel, & Jain, P. M. (2017). English language teaching. Sunrise Publisher.
Pawlak, M. (2021). Teaching foreign language grammar: New solutions, old problems. Foreign Language Annals, 54(4), 881–896. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12563
Peterson, A. T. (2023). Asynchrony and promotive interaction in online cooperative learning. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 5(November), 100300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2023.100300
Priya, A. (2021). Case study methodology of qualitative research: Key attributes and navigating the conundrums in its application. Sociological Bulletin, 70(1), 94–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920970318
Saputra, A., Hakim, M. A. R., Saputra, E., & RAHMA, Y. N. (2020). The Difficulties Faced by Indonesian EFL Learners in Pronouncing" S" and" Es" Suffixes in the Simple Present Tense Verbs and in Plural Form of Nouns. Linguists: Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching, 6(1), 55-65
Seely, J. (2007). Grammar for teachers unlock your knowledge of English. Oxpecker.
Sellés, N. H., Muñoz-Carril, P.-C., & González-Sanmamed, M. (2015). Student’s perceptions of online collaborative learning. Proceedings of INTED2015 Conference 2nd-4th March 2015, Madrid, Spain, March 2016, 3675–3682. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297918384
Slavkov, N. (2015). Sociocultural theory, the L2 writing process, and Google Drive: Strange bedfellows? TESL Canada Journal, 32(2), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v32i2.1209
Such, B. (2019). Scaffolding English language learners for online collaborative writing activities. Interactive Learning Environments, 29(3), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1579233
Svalberg, A. M. L. (2012). Peer interaction, cognitive conflict, and anxiety on a grammar awareness course for language teachers. Language Awareness, 21(1–2), 137–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639886
Ta’amneh, M. A. A. A. (2017). The effect of using WhatsApp messenger in learning English language among university students. International Research in Education, 5(1), 143. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v5i1.10801
Ur, P. (2007). Grammar practice activities a practical guide for teachers. Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society the development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Wang, J. (2017). Cloud computing technologies in writing class: Factors influencing students’ learning experience. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 18(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.328954
Waugh, M. L., & Su, J. (2016). Student perceptions of a successful online collaborative learning community. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 14(1), 1–16. https://www.ncolr.org/jiol/issues/pdf/14.1.1.pdf
Wishart, J., Oakley, G., & Shand, J. (2024). A cycle of insecurity: Primary teachers’ practices and resources for the teaching of written grammar. Language and Education, 38(3), 502–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2023.2288923
Xie, K., Hensley, L. C., Law, V., & Sun, Z. (2019). Self-regulation as a function of perceived leadership and cohesion in small group online collaborative learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12594
Yadegaridehkordi, E., Shuib, L., Nilashi, M., & Asadi, S. (2019). Decision to adopt online collaborative learning tools in higher education: A case of top Malaysian universities. Education and Information Technologies, 24(1), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-018-9761-z
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5 ed.). Sage.
Zaky, H. (2021). Google Docs in undergraduate online composition class: Investigating learning styles’ impact on writing corrective feedback. Asian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research, 4(1), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.34256/ajir2117
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ling.v10i2.5143

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching
Pusat Publikasi - Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM)
UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Jl.Raden Fatah, Pagar Dewa Kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Telp. (0736)51171,51172,51276 Fax.(0736) 51172
Website : https://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/
Email : linguists@mail.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id
Abstracting and Indexing by: