Presidential Authority in a Presidential System: A Juridical Analysis Based on Governmental Legal Literature

Melda Sary, Topandes Saputra, Della Puspita

Abstract


Abstract
The presidential system places the president as both head of state and head of government with broad and independent executive powers. In Indonesia, these powers are constitutionally regulated by the 1945 Constitution, but in practice, they often raise debates regarding power limitations and the mechanisms of checks and balances among state institutions. This study aims to juridically analyze the president’s authority in Indonesia’s presidential system. The research employs a normative legal method using a juridical-normative approach, which involves the analysis of laws, legal documents, legal literature, and relevant court decisions. The findings show that presidential authority is divided into two main aspects head of state and head of government each with its own legal basis and limitations. The president holds significant authority in defense, foreign affairs, and administrative governance, yet remains under legislative and judicial oversight as a form of power restraint. The study concludes that Indonesia’s presidential system supports governmental stability and effectiveness but requires that executive power be exercised constitutionally, transparently, and accountably to prevent authoritarian tendencies.

Keywords: presidential authority, presidential system, 1945 Constitution, checks and balances, constitutional law


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/imr.v10i1.7902

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