A Review of John Rawls’ Theory of Justice on the Implementation of Restorative Justice Through Penal Mediation in Indonesia

Ahmad Wildan Rofrofil Akmal, Siti Nur Syifa, Erfaniah Zuhriah

Abstract


This study examines the implementation of restorative justice through the mechanism of penal mediation within Indonesia's criminal justice system, using John Rawls’ theory of justice as a theoretical framework. The research is grounded in the need for a more humane, participatory, and efficient alternative for resolving minor criminal offenses, as opposed to the conventional retributive justice system. This is a normative legal study employing both statutory and conceptual approaches. The data sources consist of primary and secondary legal materials obtained through literature review. The findings reveal that penal mediation has been applied in cases such as petty theft, defamation, and domestic violence, involving offenders, victims, families, and the community in the restorative process. This implementation reflects Rawls’ principles of justice particularly the equal basic liberties and the difference principle—in protecting vulnerable groups such as juvenile offenders and first-time offenders. In conclusion, penal mediation aligns not only with restorative justice values and the Islamic legal concept of maslahah, but also embodies a substantive model of justice that is inclusive and responsive to local values. Therefore, this approach deserves to be formally institutionalized within the national criminal law system

Keywords


Penal mediation, restorative justice, John Rawls’ theory of justice, Indonesian criminal law, non-litigation resolution

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/qys.v10i2.7790

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