Ibnu Khaldun’s Thoughts on Sufism Through his Books al-Muqaddima and Syifa’ al-Sail

Fadillah Ulfa

Abstract


The practice of Sufism in the present day has gained significant popularity and widespread adherence. However, a Muslim individual can encounter challenges in comprehending the teachings of Sufism, leading to a sense of disorientation in their knowledge. The primary purpose of this article was to analyze the theoretical framework of Sufism as elucidated by Ibn Khaldun. This study employs a qualitative analytical method based on the conceptual approach to data description and analysis, by drawing on historical sources such as the Muqaddima and Shifa’ al-Sail books and previous relevant research. The findings indicate that Ibn Khaldun's Sufism paradigm offers a logically explicable account of the philosophical and practical aspects. Muslims can practice Sufi teachings in their respective capacities and remain unpolarized in their comprehension of the faith, which appears to be preoccupied with the afterlife and prefers to die rather than remain on earth. There is a contention that Ibn Khaldun preferred a restrained exploration of the spiritual journey, which was grounded in a meticulous commitment to the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunna. Ibn Khaldûn is credited with formulating an Islamic sociological framework that incorporates God as the ultimate legislator, human beings as agents of change, and nature as a resource for human application.


Ajaran Tasawuf dimasa sekarang ini mendapatkan perhatian dan menjadi tumpuan bagi para Muslim untuk lebih dekat dengan Sang Pencipta. Namun, seorang Muslim dapat menghadapi tantangan dalam memahami ajaran Sufisme, yang mengarah pada rasa disorientasi saat berusaha untuk memahami dan mempelajarinya. Tujuan utama artikel ini adalah untuk menganalisis kerangka teoritis tasawuf, khususnya dari pandangan Ibnu Khaldun, seorang yang dianggap memiliki keutamaan sebagai tokoh dalam perkembangan ilmu tasawuf di masa-masa awal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan analisis data dengan pendekatan konseptual, serta disajikan secara deskriptif, dengan mengambil sumber-sumber sejarah seperti buku Muqaddima dan Syifa' al-Sail dan penelitian-penelitian relevan yang telah dilakukan oleh para peneliti sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paradigma tasawuf Ibnu Khaldun menawarkan penjelasan yang mudah dipahami secara logis, terutama mengenai aspek-aspek filosofis dan praktis. Bagi beliau, umat Islam dapat mempraktikkan ajaran Sufi sesuai kapasitas masing-masing dan tetap tidak terpolarisasi dalam pemahaman mereka tentang iman, kehidupan di akhirat dan kehidupan di dunia. Dalam bertasawuf, beliau berksplorasi perjalanan spiritual yang terkendali, yang didasarkan pada komitmen yang cermat terhadap ajaran Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah. Beliau dianggap pencipta rumusan kerangka sosiologis Islam yang menggabungkan Tuhan sebagai pembuat hukum tertinggi, manusia sebagai agen perubahan, dan alam sebagai sumber daya untuk dimanfaatkan oleh umat manusia.


Keywords


Sufism; teachings; Ibn Khaldun; Muslim.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/nuansa.v16i2.3713

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