Analisis Konsep Jiwa Ibnu Sab’in Dalam Kitab Buddul-‘Arif
Abstract
This study aims to describe and analyze the concept of the soul in Ibn Sab’īn’s philosophical–mystical work Budd al-‘Ārif, to examine the factors shaping its philosophical construction, and to assess its relevance to contemporary issues. Employing a philosophical-hermeneutic approach, the research analyzes the primary Arabic texts Budd al-‘Ārif and al-Masā’il Saqāliyya, supported by secondary literature in Islamic philosophy and Sufism. Data analysis techniques include: (1) textual content and interpretive analysis, (2) comparative study with classical thinkers (e.g., Ibn Sīnā, al-Fārābī, and Ibn ‘Arabī), and (3) philosophical interpretation within ontological and epistemological frameworks. Findings reveal that Ibn Sab’īn conceives the soul (nafs) as a pure spiritual substance with its own ontological status, structured hierarchically into vegetal (nabātīyah), animal (hayawānīyah), rational (nāṭiqah), philosophical-wisdom (ḥikmīyah), and prophetic (nabawīyah) levels. Its ontological basis is rooted in the doctrine of the Absolute Unity (al-Wāḥidah al-Muṭlaqah), rendering his soul-concept an integral synthesis of metaphysical, epistemic, and existential dimensions. The primary influences are the Sufi-philosophical tradition and Peripatetic-NeoPlatonic heritage. Implications indicate that Ibn Sab’īn’s soul-concept offers an alternative framework for understanding human existence amid modern challenges—such as identity crises, spiritual voids, and science-religion dialogues—by emphasizing the absolute unity between the human soul and divine reality
Keywords: Ibn Sab’īn; soul concept; Budd al-‘Ārif; philosophical hermeneutics; metaphysics
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mtq.v9i2.9043
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