Bahagia itu Tidak Sederhana: Relevansi Konsep Eudaimonia Aristoteles di Masa Kontemporer
Abstract
Abstract: This article highlights common views that define happiness in a simplistic and shallow way. Philosophical analysis reveals these conceptions to be superficial and fail to capture the essence and true nature of human identity. As Aristotle demonstrates, an authentic human happiness is inherently complex, yet more substantive, profound, and meaningful. This article presents Aristotle’s account of eudaimonia and investigates its pertinence as a corrective to superficial popular interpretations of happiness. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out on Aristotle’s works as well as on supplementary materials drawn from journal articles, books, book chapters, and relevant online literature. Employing hermeneutic text interpretation and theoretical reflection, the research reveals that Aristotle’s model of eudaimonia —grounded in the synergistic interplay of ultimate end (telos), distinctive function (ergon), and virtue (aretē), underpinned by practical wisdom (phronesis)— more fully satisfies the existential demands of happiness and a purposeful and meaningfull life. Far from being an antiquarian curiosity, this classical framework offers a robust corrective to both ancient and contemporary shallow readings of happiness by affirming the rational character of human nature and the depth of a truly flourishing life.
Keywords: reductive conceptions of happiness, Aristotle, eudaimonic happiness, plesure-centered morality, hedonism, virtue ethics
Abstrak: Artikel ini menyorot pandangan populer yang memaknai kebahagiaan secara sederhana dan dangkal. Dari perspektif filsafat, pandangan tersebut seringkali bernilai superfisial dan tidak mencerminkan hakikat dan jati diri manusia. Sebagaimana ditunjukkan Aristoteles, kebahagiaan yang manusiawi justru bersifat kompleks, namun lebih substansial, mendalam, dan bermakna. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan konsep kebahagiaan eudaimonis Aristoteles tersebut dan menggali relevansinya dalam merespons pandangan populer yang simplistis tentang kebahagiaan. Untuk itu, dilakukan penelitian kualitatif terhadap karya-karya Aristoteles dan karya lain dari artikel jurnal, buku, book chapter, dan literatur daring yang membahas topik ini. Data yang terkumpul dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik hermeneutika teks dan refleksi teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kompleks dan klasik, konsep kebahagiaan eudaimonis Aristoteles lebih substantif dan menyentuh kebutuhan eksistensial manusia dalam mencapai kebahagiaan dan hidup yang bermakna. Kebahagiaan eudaimonis Aristotelian didasarkan atas variabel utama, yakni tujuan akhir (telos), fungsi khas (ergon), dan keutamaan (aretē) yang sinergis dengan kebijaksanaan praksis (phronesis). Konsep ini lebih mencerminkan hakikat manusia sebagai makhluk rasional, dan relevan dalam merespons pandangan populer yang memaknai kebahagiaan secara dangkal dan simplistis, baik pada masa Yunani Kuno maupun pada masa kontemporer.
Kata kunci: kebahagiaan yang simplistis, Aristoteles, kebahagiaan eudaimonis, moralitas berdasar kesenangan, etika keutamaan
Keywords
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/mtq.v9i2.8963
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