Filsafat Islam Klasik: Kontribusi, Perkembangan, dan Relevansinya dalam Dunia Modern

Abstract

Classical Islamic philosophy is a significant branch of thought that has played a crucial role in the development of knowledge and culture, both in the Islamic world and the West. This study aims to analyze the development of classical Islamic philosophy, the factors influencing it, and the contributions of key figures such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Rushd. The research employs a qualitative approach with historical analysis and literature studies on the primary works of Muslim philosophers. The findings indicate that classical Islamic philosophy evolved through interactions with Greek, Persian, and Indian philosophical traditions while being deeply influenced by Islamic teachings. Muslim philosophers sought to harmonize reason and revelation in understanding the nature of reality, knowledge, and ethics. Their ideas not only contributed to the advancement of knowledge within the Islamic world but also influenced Western philosophy, particularly during the Renaissance. Furthermore, this study highlights that classical Islamic philosophy remains relevant in the modern world, especially in fostering a balanced approach between rationality and spirituality. Thus, this research affirms that classical Islamic philosophy is an invaluable intellectual heritage that provides insights into the relationship between religion and reason, as well as solutions to contemporary social, ethical, and scientific challenges.

Keywords: Classical Islamic philosophy, Islamic thought, Muslim philosophers, rationality, spirituality