IDEOLOGY IN THE POETRY ANTHOLOGY 'FIRE IS NOT A COUNTRY' BY CYNTHIA DEWI OKA

SITI WULANDARI, AIDIL SYAH PUTRA, EKA UGI SUTIKNO

Abstract


The limited academic attention to the ideological dimensions of diasporic poetry—particularly the works of Indonesian diaspora poets—reveals a critical gap in contemporary literary studies. This research aims to explore how poetry functions not only as an artistic expression but also as an ideological medium that articulates hybrid identities, intergenerational trauma, and resistance to dominant narratives. Using a qualitative descriptive method and a Thematic Discourse Analysis approach, this study examines how the anthology Fire Is Not A Country by Cynthia Dewi Oka constructs ideological meaning through poetic language, literary devices, and narrative structure. The analysis focuses on eight selected poems that highlight recurring themes such as identity, family, migration, and trauma, which are intricately intertwined in representing the complexity of diasporic subjectivity and critiquing hegemonic socio-political structures. The findings indicate that Oka’s lyrical strategies effectively infiltrate and challenge dominant ideologies—such as nationalism, patriarchal family expectations, and assimilationist pressures—while offering a counter-discourse that empowers marginalized communities through cultural articulation and collective healing. 


Keywords


Cultural resistance; Diaspora poetry; Ideology; Thematic discourse analysis

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abed, A. K. (2023). Palilogy and Narrativity into Escapism-Selected poems of Ezra Pound. Journal Educational Verkenning, 4(1), 1–10. https://hdpublication.com/index.php/jev

Abouyassine, B. (2023). Theorising Diaspora: Nationalist Discourse in Shaping Diasporic Subjects. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 5(4), 269–297. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v5i4.1493

Adekunle, I. J. (2023). The Poet as a Cultural Ambassador and Social Critic. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 4(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v4i2.663

Ahlgren, K. (2021). Poetic representations of migration narratives: A process of writing nearby. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 25(5), 832–851. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12493

Ajmal, M. U., & Zainab, T. (2024). Depiction of Women as Unfair Creatures in John Donne’s “Go and Catch a Falling Star”: Utilizing Norman Fairclough’s Model as a Research Tool in the Critical Discourse Analysis. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.52622/joal.v3i2.177

Androutsopoulos, J., & Lexander, K. V. (2021). Digital polycentricity and diasporic connectivity: A Norwegian-Senegalese case study. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 25(5), 720–736. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12518

Asscher, O. (2020). Translation as a probe into homeland-diaspora relations. Translation Studies, 1(1), 36–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/14781700.2020.1773307

Backer, D. (2020). Ideology and education. Oxford University Press, 5(2), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1252

Beetz, J., Herzog, B., & Maesse, J. (2021). Studying ideology and discourse as knowledge, power and material practices. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 16(2), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2021.1895180

Beg, M. S. (2023). Healing Power of Wordsworth’s Romantic Poetry. Creative Saplings, 2(3), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.56062/gtrs.2023.1.12.230

Belamghari, M. (2020). The Fragmentation of Identity Formation in the Age of Glocalization. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020934877

Bernadette, O., & Alejandro, D. F. (2024). Discourses of solidarity and resistance in alternative linguistics spaces: Galician improvised poetry as linguistic collective action. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 1(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/josl.12675

Bouvier, G., & Way, L. C. S. (2021). Revealing the politics in “soft”, everyday uses of social media: the challenge for critical discourse studies. Social Semiotics, 31(3), 345–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2021.1930855

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806

Caron, J., & Khan, S. (2022). Writing war, and the politics of poetic conversation. Critical Asian Studies, 54(2), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2022.2030776

Carrera, B. C. (2024). Hierarchies among intertextual references: reading Reggaeton Ilustrado’s digital humour through the colonial matrix of power. Critical Discourse Studies, 21(3), 341–360. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2022.2157851

Cyzewski, J. (2021). The “tribal drum” and Literary Radio: The Postcolonial Poetics of the Transcription Centre’s Africa Abroad. Johns Hopkins University Press, 6(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.26597/mod.0197

Faulkner, S. L. (2017). Poetry is Politics: An Autoethnographic Poetry Manifesto. International Review of Qualitative Research, 10(1), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.1.89

Hanifa, S., & Juniadi, Y. (2024). Revitalizing The Spirit of The People’s Cultural Institute: Art as Medium for Social and Political Activism of Students on Campus. CANDIDATE: Jurnal Sains Politik, 2(1), 25–52. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/candidate/

Homer, S. T., & Lim, W. M. (2024). Theory development in a globalized world: Bridging “Doing as the Romans Do” with “Understanding Why the Romans Do It.” Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(3), 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22234

Khare, R. K. (2020). Subaltern and Marginalised in the poetry of Namdeo Dhasal. The Creative Launcher, 5(2), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.2.18

Kumar, A. (2022). Relevance of Diasporic Literature in the Globalised World: A Study. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 2(6), 12–14. https://doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.2.6.2

Laird, P. N. J., & Oatley, K. (2022). How poetry evokes emotions. Acta Psychologica, 224(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103506

Lim, W. M. (2025). What Is Qualitative Research? An Overview and Guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 33(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/14413582241264619

Marei, F. G., & Shanneik, Y. (2021). Lamenting Karbala in Europe: Husayni Liturgy and Discourses of Dissent amongst Diasporic Bahraini and Lebanese Shiis. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 32(1), 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2020.1827341

McLean, K. C., Lilgendahl, J. P., Fordham, C., Alpert, E., & Marsden, E. (2017). Identity Development in Cultural Context: The Role of Deviating from Master Narratives. Journal of Personality, 1(1), 1–58. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jopy.12341

Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847

Olszewska, Z. (2023). If we do not Write Poetry, We will Die. In The Routledge Handbook of Refugee Narratives (pp. 140–152). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003131458-15

Omar, A. (2025). Weaving Personal Threads : A Functionalist Perspective on Translating “The Great Gatsby.” Algerian Scientific Journal, 11(1), 282–303. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/264771

Rahman, S. (2021). The Environment of South Asia: Beyond Postcolonial Ecocriticism. South Asian Review, 42(4), 317–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2021.1982613

Salmenniemi, S., & Ylöstalo, H. (2024). Everyday utopias and social reproduction. Current Sociology, 72(6), 1145 –1162. https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921231194087

Saxena, V. (2021). Matrilineal Legacies: Family, Diaspora, and Memories in Rani Manicka’s The Rice Mother. Asia in Transition, 16(1), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5021-5_12

Sharma, R., & Mehta, S. (2023). Diaspora Studies: A Panoramic View of Literary Theories. Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities, 7(1), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20230106

Shenishen, A. H. (2023). Reshaping the World: the Breathing Pictures in the Poetry of Cummings and Mayakovsky. CDELT Occasional Papers in the Development of English Education, 84(1), 197–240. https://doi.org/10.21608/opde.2023.337477

Sohini, R. (2022). Decolonization through Spoken Word Poetry: A Postcolonial Analysis of Emi Mahmoud and Safia Elhillo’s poetry. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 7(6), 044–059. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.76.8

Statham, S., & Ringrow, H. (2024). “Ireland’s hidden diaspora”: multimodal stylistic constructions of journey and landscape on the Irish abortion trail. CADAAD (Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines, 16(2), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.21827/cadaad.16.2.42344%0APublished

Sutikno, E. U. (2023). The Migrant Phenomena on Cynthia Dewi Oka’s Poem as Asian Woman’s Identity and Inferiority Complex. Jurnal Membaca: Bahasa & Sastra Indonesia, 8(2), 237–250. https://jurnal.untirta.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmembaca/article/viewFile/22742/11573

Tanasale, I. O., Mauludin, L. A., & Prasetyo, G. (2025). Exploring the Impact of Autobiographical Poetry Writing on Perceptions, Emotions, and Desires in Indonesian EFL Students. Language Related Research, 16(3), 53–81. https://doi.org/10.48311/LRR.16.3.3

Timalsina, R. (2019). The Dichotomy of Pain and Hope in Bhutanese Nepali Diasporic Poetry. Molung Educational Frontier, 9(1), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.3126/mef.v9i0.33597

Yule, G. (2017). The Study of Language (6th ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://sharifling.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/the-study-of-language-george-yule.pdf




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ling.v11i1.8727

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Linguists : Journal Of Linguistics and Language Teaching

Pusat Publikasi - Lembaga Penelitian & Pengabdian Masyarakat (LPPM)
UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu
Jl.Raden Fatah, Pagar Dewa Kota Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Telp. (0736)51171,51172,51276 Fax.(0736) 51172
Website : https://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/
Email : linguists@mail.uinfasbengkulu.ac.id 

 

Abstracting and Indexing by: