Paradoks Hukum Noodweer: Penerapan Pasal 49 KUHP dan Kedudukan Korban Begal yang Dijadikan Tersangka dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia

Sheren Dwi Oktaria, Inggit Setya Ningrum, Nadia Wiratama Jasmine, Dwi Mulyati

Abstract


This study examines the legal paradox in the application of the concepts of noodweer and noodweer excess in Indonesia, particularly related to the phenomenon of victims of robbery who are named suspects after defending themselves. The study focuses on three cases that occurred in Indonesia, namely the case of Amaq Sinta in Central Lombok (NTB), DI in Medan (North Sumatra), and ZA in Malang (East Java). All three cases demonstrate the complexity of law enforcement between self-defense efforts and the limits of actions considered proportional under criminal law. Analysis of these three cases shows that the application of Article 49 of the Criminal Code often leads to incidents, especially in determining the elements of proportionality, subsidiarity, and the condition of "urgency" in self-defense. Although morally the perpetrators are considered to be defending themselves from a real threat, legally such actions can be categorized as excessive if they exceed the limits of reasonableness, for example due to emotion, fear, or the use of excessive violence. This paradox reveals a lack of synchronicity between formal justice and substantive justice in the Indonesian criminal system. From a normative perspective, clearer legal guidelines are needed regarding self-defense, particularly in the context of street crimes that endanger the victim's life. This study recommends reformulating the guidelines for investigation and prosecution so that the legal system no longer criminalizes self-defense actions taken in emergency situations and situations of psychological stress.

Keywords


Noodweer, Noodweer Excesses, Self-Defense, Mugging Victims, Legal Paradox, Indonesian Criminal System

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/qys.v10i2.9234

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