PEMBERIAN NAFKAH SUAMI KEPADA ISTRI YANG BERPENGHASILAN PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI HUKUM ISLAM

Abstract

Abstrak: Kewajiban suami terhadap istri yang paling pokok setelah akad nikah adalah kewajiban pemberian nafkah baik secara lahir yakni pemenuhan kebutuhan rumah tangga dan batin yakni pemenuhan kebutuhan biologis. Dalam sebuah hadis ditunjukkan bahwa pemberian nafkah yang pantas adalah wajib bagi suami untuk istri atas kehalalan suami terhadap kemaluan istri. Di Desa Somagede ditemukan bahwa saat istri membantu suami mencari penghasilan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan keluarganya, ada sebagian suami yang tidak memberikan nafkah lagi pada istrinya dengan alasan bahwa istrinya telah bekerja sehingga menganggap bahwa nafkah telah gugur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data, yaitu dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah pasangan suami istri yang bekerja di Desa Somagede Kabupaten Banyumas. Sedangkan objek penelitianya adalah praktik pelaksanaan pemberian nafkah dari suami kepada istri yang berpenghasilan di Desa Somagede Kabupaten Banyumas. Nafkah wajib hukumnya dipenuhi oleh suami berdasarkan nash-nash yang bersumber dari al Qur’an, hadis dan ijma.Nafkah adalah hak istri meskipun ia kaya dan suaminya miskin. Kewajiban memberi nafkah kepada istri tidak gugur, kecuali jika istri membangkang atau nusyuz. Tentang praktik pemberian nafkah dari suami pada istri yang berpenghasilan di Desa Somagede Kabupaten Banyumas berdasarkan hasil wawancara peneliti dengan responden, masing-masing keluarga mempunyai cara yang berbeda dalam mengaplikasikan kewajiban memberi nafkah pada istrinya. Sedangkan menurut sosiologi hukum Islam, suami tetap wajib memberikan nafkah pada istri yang berpenghasilan sendiri sesuai dengan kemampuannya tanpa menuntut nafkah melebihi batas kemampuan suaminya.

Kata kunci: Nafkah, Berpenghasilan, Sosiologi Hukum Islam.

Abstract: The most basic obligation of a husband to his wife after the marriage contract is the obligation to provide a living both physically, namely the fulfillment of household needs and spiritually, namely the fulfillment of biological needs. In a hadith it is shown that it is obligatory for a husband to provide a proper living for his wife for the husband's lawfulness of the wife's genitals. In Somagede Village, it was found that when the wife helps her husband earn an income to meet the needs of his family, there are some husbands who do not provide any more support for their wives on the grounds that their wives have worked so they think that their livelihoods have died. This type of research is field research. Data collection techniques, namely by interview, observation, and documentation. The subject of this research is a married couple who work in Somagede Village, Banyumas Regency. While the object of the research is the practice of providing a living from husband to wife who earns income in Somagede Village, Banyumas Regency. The husband's obligatory livelihood is fulfilled by the husband based on texts sourced from the Qur'an, hadith and ijma. Sustenance is the right of the wife even though she is rich and her husband is poor. The obligation to provide a living for the wife does not fall, unless the wife disobeys or nusyuz. Regarding the practice of giving a living from a husband to a wife who earns money in Somagede Village, Banyumas Regency, based on the results of interviews with respondents, each family has a different way of applying the obligation to provide for their wives. Meanwhile, according to the sociology of Islamic law, the husband is still obliged to provide a living for his wife who earns herself according to her ability without demanding a living beyond the limits of her husband's ability.

Keywords: Live, Earn, Sociology of Islamic Law.