Analisis Sanksi terhadap Praktik Rug Pull dalam Cryptocurrency Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam

Abstract

Abstracts: Advances in blockchain technology have given rise to a new financial system in the form of cryptocurrency around the world, but this has presented new challenges with the rise of crime in the digital financial world, such as crimes using rug pull practices that harm investors. Rug pull practices are a form of digital fraud where project developers deliberately halt cryptocurrency projects abruptly and flee after successfully raising funds from investors, resulting in significant losses. This phenomenon has occurred frequently in cryptocurrency, making it a complex legal issue, especially from the perspective of Islamic criminal law, for the benefit of the community in accordance with the maqashid of Sharia, particularly the protection of property. This study aims to analyze the elements and sanctions, as well as the contribution of thought to the crime of rug pull practices according to positive law, and specifically from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and analytical approach. This study shows that from a positive law perspective, the Criminal Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the Anti-Money Laundering Law, and the Corruption Eradication Law can be applied. Meanwhile, from an Islamic criminal law perspective, it contains elements of fraud, unlawful taking of property, betrayal of trust, and unclear transactions. The practice of rug pull is classified as jarimah ta'zir, which is a punishment left to the discretion of the judge or government.

Keywords: Sanction, Rug Pull, Cryptocurrency, Islamic Criminal Law.

Abstrak : Kemajuan teknologi blockchain telah melahirkan sistem keuangan baru di berbagai dunia berupa cryptocurrency, namun menghadirkan tantangan baru dengan maraknya kejahatan di dunia keuangan digital, seperti kejahatan menggunakan praktik rug pull yang merugikan investor. Praktik rug pull merupakan penipuan digital ketika pengembang proyek secara sengaja menghentikan proyek cryptocurrency secara tiba-tiba dan melarikan diri setelah berhasil mengumpulkan dana dari investor, sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian yang signifikan. Fenomena ini sudah banyak terjadi dalam cryptocurrency, sehingga menjadi problematika hukum yang kompleks terkhusus dalam perspektif hukum pidana Islam, demi kemaslahatan umat sesuai dengan maqashid Syariah terutama perlindungan terhadap harta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur-unsur dan sanksi, serta kontribusi pemikiran terhadap kejahatan praktik rug pull menurut hukum positif, dan terkhusus pada perspektif hukum pidana Islam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual dan analitis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif hukum positif dapat dikenakan KUHP, UU ITE, UU TPPU dan UU PK. Sedangkan perspektif hukum pidana Islam mengandung unsur penipuan, pengambilan harta secara batil, pengkhianatan amanah, dan yang mengandung ketidakjelasan transaksi. Praktik rug pull dikualifikasikan sebagai jarimah ta’zir, yaitu hukuman diserahkan kepada keputusan Hakim atau pemerintah.

Kata Kunci: Sanksi, Rug Pull, Cryptocurrency, Hukum Pidana Islam.