ISLAM DI AFRIKA UTARA: TOLERANSI ANTAR SEKTE (SUNNI, KHAWARIJ DAN SYI’AH)

Abstract

This article discusses the important role of North Africa as the gateway to Islam in Europe. It also explains how Islam spread widely in North Africa and the social, political and religious dynamics that affected the region. Heuristics, data verification, interpretation, and historiography are the four steps in the historical methodology used in this research. In this paper, Islamic contact in North Africa actually dates back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad, when the Companions made the hijra to Habashah and the conquest began by the commanders Abdullah ibn Sa'ad and Uqbah ibn Nafi'. The Khawarij Ibadiyyah Rustamiyah dynasty played an important role in the equalitarian and religio-political movements. The Shi'a Idrisiyah dynasty succeeded in uniting the Berber tribes and Arab migrants under one political power in Morocco. Meanwhile, the Sunni Aghlabiyah in the east managed to expand its territory to Silsilia and Greece thanks to its strong fleet. Meanwhile, tolerance between sects was seen in their efforts to protect and defend their territory from outsiders. This paper reveals the complexity of Islamic history in North Africa and the role of these dynasties in spreading and developing Islam in the North African region.