THE GOVERNMENT OF THE ISLAMIC MUGHAL EMPIRE IN JALALUDDIN AKBAR’S ERA: SULH-I-KUL POLICY DETERMINATION
Abstract
This research aims to determine the main factors underlying the glory of the Mughal Islamic empire by using a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Methods of data collection using literature study of books and ebooks. The results of the research prove that: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar was the first Muslim ruler who able to maintain his position in a long time, not merely to fulfill his personal ambitions but to take advantage of his position as king to unite all Mughal society under his rule. To realize this vision, Akbar must legitimize his government and build a strong military superiority among his pluralistic society. The sulh-i-kul or tolerance for all policy that he implemented was able to become a driving tool for several subsequent policies such as the abolition of the jizyah, the establishment of ibadat-khana, and the application of din-i-Ilahi to unite the Mughal community in building a superpower empire based on universal tolerance. Without this basic ideology of sulh-i-kul, the Mughal society at that time could not have become a famous empire.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor utama yang melandasi kejayaan kerajaan Islam Mughal dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dari buku, ebook dan sejenisnya. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa: Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar merupakan penguasa muslim pertama yang dapat mempertahankan kerjaaan Islam dalam waktu lama. Hal ini tidak semata-mata untuk memenuhi ambisi pribadinya tapi untuk memanfaatkan posisinya sebagai raja dalam menyatukan semua masyarakat Mughal di bawah kekuasaannya. Untuk mewujudkan visi tersebut, Akbar harus melegitimasi pemerintahannya serta membangun superioritas militer yang kuat diantara masyarakatnya yang majemuk. Kebijakan Sulh-i-Kul atau toleransi kepada semua yang diterapkannya mampu menjadi alat penggerak beberapa kebijakan berikutnya seperti penghapusan jizyah, pendirian ibadat-khana, dan penerapan din- i-Ilahi untuk menyatukan masyarakat Mughal dalam membangun kerajaan yang superpower berdasarkan toleransi. Tanpa ideologi dasar sulh-i-kul ini belum tentu masyarakat Mughal kala itu dapat menjadi kerajaan yang masyhur.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ttjksi.v7i2.3870
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