Seni Arsitektur Dinasti Safawi dan Dinasti Mughal

Abstract

One of the first views that put forward the relationship between architecture and the state was the historian of the Maghreb, namely Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), he asserted that the city including all its monuments reflects the dynasty that built it. Initially, the development of Islamic architectural art only touched three areas, namely: the field of civilian buildings (Imarah Madaniyah), religious buildings (Imarah Diniyah), and military buildings (Imarah Harbiyah). The development of the architectural art of the Safavid dynasty was marked by the construction of the Harun-I Vilayat tomb, the construction of the city of Isfahan, Chehel Sotoun, the Caravanserai inn, the Charbagh school. During the Mughol dynasty, architectural works could be seen from the Agra Red Fort, the Taj Mahal, Humayun’s Tomb, Bu- land Darwaza, Panch Mahal, Jahangir Palace (Jahangir Mahal), Fatehpur Sikri Palace, Akbar’s Tomb, Jama Masjid and Rambagh.

Diantara tokoh yang mengedepankan hubungan antara arsitektur dan negara yang merupakan ahli sejarah dari Maghrib yaitu Ibnu Khaldun (1332-1406), ia menyatakan bahwa kota termasuk segenap bangunannya mencerminkan dinasti yang membangunnya. Perkembangan seni arsitektur Islam pada awalnya hanya menyentuh tiga bidang, yaitu: bidang bangunan sipil (Imarah Madaniyah), bangunan agama (Imarah Diniyah), dan bangunan militer (Imarah Harbiyah). Perkembangan seni arsitekstur dinasti Safawi ditandai dengan pembangunan pusara Harun-I Vilayat, pembangunan kota Isfahan, Chehel Sotoun, penginapan Caravanserai, sekolah Charbagh. Pada masa dinasti Mughal, karya bi- dang arsitektur bangunan dapat dilihat dari Benteng Merah Agra, Taj Mahal, Makam Humayun, Buland Darwaza, Panch Mahal, Istana Jahangir (Jahangir Mahal), Istana Fatehpur Sikri, Makam Akbar, Jama Masjid dan Rambagh