Existentialism: Analisis Filosofis dalam Sejarah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 agustus 1945
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia 17 Agustus 1945 sebagai tindakan eksistensial kolektif bangsa Indonesia melalui perspektif filsafat eksistensialisme. Kajian ini diarahkan untuk merumuskan kerangka teoretis eksistensialisme, menginterpretasikan Proklamasi sebagai keputusan historis yang mencerminkan kebebasan, tanggung jawab, dan keberanian moral, serta memberikan kontribusi konseptual bagi pengembangan kajian filsafat sejarah dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif-filosofis, melalui analisis dan sintesis sumber primer berupa karya tokoh eksistensialisme (Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Albert Camus, dan Friedrich Nietzsche) serta dokumen historis Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, dan sumber sekunder berupa buku serta artikel jurnal ilmiah yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia tidak dapat dipahami semata sebagai peristiwa politik dan yuridis, melainkan sebagai tindakan eksistensial yang lahir dari situasi batas sejarah. Para pendiri bangsa secara sadar memilih kemerdekaan di tengah ketidakpastian dan risiko, sehingga Proklamasi menjadi penegasan eksistensi nasional dan tanggung jawab moral terhadap masa depan bangsa. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kemerdekaan Indonesia merupakan proyek eksistensial yang berkelanjutan dan memiliki relevansi penting bagi pembelajaran sejarah dan pembentukan warga negara yang kritis, reflektif, dan bertanggung jawab.
This study aims to examine the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on August 17, 1945, as a collective existential act of the Indonesian nation through the perspective of existentialist philosophy. This study is directed at formulating a theoretical framework of existentialism, interpreting the Proclamation as a historical decision reflecting freedom, responsibility, and moral courage, and providing conceptual contributions to the development of studies in the philosophy of history and Civic Education. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative-philosophical approach, through analysis and synthesis of primary sources in the form of works of existentialist figures (Jean-Paul Sartre, Søren Kierkegaard, Karl Jaspers, Albert Camus, and Friedrich Nietzsche) as well as historical documents of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, and secondary sources in the form of books and relevant scientific journal articles. The results of the study indicate that the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence cannot be understood solely as a political and juridical event, but as an existential act born from a historical boundary situation. The nation's founders consciously chose independence amidst uncertainty and risk, so that the Proclamation became an affirmation of national existence and moral responsibility towards the nation's future. These findings confirm that Indonesian independence is an ongoing existential project and has important relevance for the learning of history and the formation of critical, reflective, and responsible citizens.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/ttjksi.v10i2.10346
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