GENDER DALAM KONTEKS QS AN-NISA AYAT 34: PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD ABDUH  DAN HABERMAS

Yadi Darmawan

doi:10.29300/nuansa.v18i2.9343

GENDER DALAM KONTEKS QS AN-NISA AYAT 34: PERSPEKTIF MUHAMMAD ABDUH DAN HABERMAS

Yadi Darmawan

Abstract

The issue of gender in Islam often sparks debate, particularly regarding QS An-Nisa verse 34, which positions men as leaders (qawwam) in the household. Traditional interpretations are often viewed as endorsing absolute hierarchy, while contextual interpretations, such as those by Muhammad Abduh, emphasize justice and gender equality. This perspective aligns with Jürgen Habermas' theory of communicative rationality, which underscores egalitarian dialogue in forming social norms. This study employs a qualitative approach with textual and social theory analysis. Hermeneutics is used to interpret QS An-Nisa verse 34 contextually, considering historical, cultural, and Abduh’s intellectual background. Habermas' theory is applied to understand the impact of social dialogue on gender roles in Islam. Data is gathered through documentation studies, including the Qur’an, Abduh’s works, and Habermas’ writings, analyzed using content and comparative analysis techniques to identify gender-related themes. The findings reveal that Abduh, through his rational approach, asserts that qawwam does not signify male superiority but rather a flexible responsibility based on family circumstances, while also supporting women’s empowerment. This aligns with Habermas' emphasis on domination-free dialogue to create inclusive norms. Both agree that gender justice must be achieved through democratic social norms that enable equal participation for all, including women and marginalized groups.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29300/nuansa.v18i2.9343