Perubahan Sosial dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Metode Ijtihad Imam Malik

Abstract

Social change can occur due to many things. In general, social change can be caused by an increase in population, expansion of territory, revolution or rebellion in the country, even caused by conflict (social conflict) and others. During the time of Imam Malik, social changes occurred when the territory of Islamic rule expanded to various parts of the world. This situation has encouraged the Ulama to develop ijtihad methods to respond to new problems that have arisen in various Islamic jurisdictions. Meanwhile, at that time, two streams of religious understanding emerged with different methods of understanding religious texts. Beginning with the emergence of the hadith expert method group and the ra'yi expert method group. The Muslim community in the city of Medina represents a group of hadith experts. Meanwhile, the Islamic community living in Iraq represents the ra'yi expert group. So that the two streams have often debated in matters of religious understanding, especially fiqh, since the tabiin era. This study uses the library research method which uses literature from various sources as a reference and data to be used to answer the research objectives. The results showed that Imam Malik's Ijtihad method was dominated by the practices of the people of the city of Medina. According to him, if there is a problem where there is no clear text or argument, then the practice of the people of Medina is the solution to this problem.